Energy and food nexus for sustainable development in Turkey
Keywords:
sustainable development, energy sources, renewable energy, greenhouse gases
Abstract
The energy–food nexus is being promoted as a conceptual tool for achieving sustainable development. Frameworks for implementing nexus thinking, however, have failed to explicitly incorporate sustainable livelihoods perspectives. This is counterintuitive given thatlivelihoods are key to achieving sustainable development. Turkey has young population and growing energy demand per person, and its economic development, has been one of the fast-growing power markets of the world. Turkey is heavily dependent on expensive imported energy resources that place a big burden on the economy and air pollution is becoming a great environmental concern in the country. In this regard, renewable energy resources appear to be the one of the most efficient and effective solutions for clean and sustainable energy development in Turkey. Turkey’s geographical location has several advantages for extensive use of most of these renewable energy sources. This article discusses the current perspective of the sustainable food and energy policies in Turkey.
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[3] Keairns, DL., Darton, RC., Irabien, A. The energy-water-food nexus. Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng. 2016. 7: 239-262.
[4] WHO, World Health Organ. 25 Years Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water andMDG Assessment. Geneva: UNICEF, WHO, 2015.
[5] Amundson R, Berhe AA, Hopmans JW, Olson C, Sztien AE, Sparks DL. Soil and human Security in the 21st century. Science 2015; 348: 6235-37.
[6] FAO, Food and Agricultural Organization. The State of the World’s Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture: Managing Systems at Risk. FAO, Rome, 2015.
[7] FAO, Food and Agricultural Organization. The State of Food Insecurity in the World. Taking Stock of Uneven Progress. FAO, Rome, Italy, 2019.
[8] Kaygusuz, K. Energy services and energy poverty for sustainable rural development. Renew Sustain Energy Reviews 2011; 15: 936-947.
[9] IEA, International Energy Agency. Energy poverty: how to make modern energy access universal. Special excerpt from WEO 2010 with UNIDO and UNDP, IEA, Paris, 2010.
[10] World Energy Assessment Overview: 2004 Update; Johansson, T.B., Goldemberg, J., Eds.; United Nations Development Program: New York, USA, 2004.
[11] WCED, World Commission on Environment and Development. Our common future.Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1987.
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[17] Lele, S., Norgaard, RB. Sustainability and the scientist’s burden. Conservation Biology, 1996; 10: 354-365.
[18] Sneddon, C., Howarth, RB., Norgaard, RB. Sustainable development in a post-Brundtland world. Ecological Economics 2006; 57: 253-268.
[19] IEA, International Energy Agency. World Energy Outlook 2016. IEA, Paris, 2016.
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[21] Kaygusuz, K. Energy for sustainable development: a case of developing countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2012; 16: 1116-26.
[22] IEA, International Energy Agency. World Energy Outlook 2009. IEA, Paris, 2009.
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[24] Goldemberg, J. Energy and human well being. Human Development Occasional Paper, HDOCPA-2001-02, United Nations Development Program, New York, NY, 2001.
[25] IEA, International Energy Agency. Energy for all: financing access for the poor. IEA, Paris, 2011.
[26] World Bank. The welfare impact of rural electrification: a reassessment of the costs and benefits. The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA, 2008.
[27] UNDP, United Nations Development Program. The energy access situation in developing countries: a review focusing on the least developed countries and sub-saharan Africa. UNDP, New York, NY, USA, 2009.
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[30] MENR, Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. Energy report of Turkey in 2018. Turkey, Ankara; available from http://www.enerji.gov.tr (accessed date 05.02.2019).
[31] WECTNC, World Energy Council-Turkish National Committee. Turkey Energy Report in 2017. Ankara, Turkey, 2018.
[32] TEIAS, Directorate-General of Turkish Electricity Transmission. Electricity statistics in Turkey for 2016, available from http://www.teias.gov.tr (accessed date 04.09.2018).
[33] TEAS. Turkish Electricity Company. Electricity generation-transmission in Turkey: Ankara, Turkey, 2009.
[34] [33] Erdem, ZB. The contribution of renewable resources in meeting Turkey’s energy-related challenges. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2010; 14: 2710-22.
[35] Kar, Y., Tekeli, Y. The potential of biomass residues in Turkey and their importance as energy resources. Energy Source, Part A 2008; 30: 483-93.
[36] SPO, State Planning Organization. Tenth Five-Year Development Plan 2015-2023. Energy Report of Turkey, DPT, Ankara, Turkey, 2014.
[37] Erdogdu, E. A snapshot of geothermal energy potential and utilization. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2009; 13: 2535-43.
[38] Erdogdu, E. An analysis of Turkish hydropower policy. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2011; 15: 689-96.
[39] Yüksek, O. Re-evaluation of Turkey’s hydropower potential and electric energy demand. Energy Policy 2008; 36. 3374-82.
[40] Kaygusuz, K. Contribution of the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) to irrigation and hydroelectric power production in Turkey. Energy Sources, Part B 2010; 5: 199-209.
[41] Kaygusuz, K. Prospects of concentrating solar power in Turkey: the sustainable future. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2011; 15: 808-14.
[42] Kaygusuz, K. Energy and environmental issues relating to greenhouse gas emissions for Sustainable development in Turkey. Renew Sustain Energy Reviews 2009; 13: 242-59.
[43] WEF, World Economic Forum. Water security: the water-food-energy-climate nexus. Washington, DC: Island, 2011.
[44] WEF, World Economic Forum. Global risks. WEF, Geneva, Italy, 2011.
Published
2020-07-04
How to Cite
Arslaner, A., & Kaygusuz, O. (2020). Energy and food nexus for sustainable development in Turkey. Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science, 9(1), 1400-1413. Retrieved from http://journaleras.com/index.php/jeras/article/view/198
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