Geothermal energy for sustainable development
Abstract
That heat energy is geothermal energy. It is remnant heat derived from the formation of the planet 4.5 billion years ago, as well as heat from the radioactive decay of naturally occurring radioactive isotopes. That heat is suficient to power plate tectonics, which is the slow movement of the continents and the ocean loor that make up earth’s crust, and the upper mantle. It provides the energy to drive mountain building processes that occur when continents and oceans collide. It is also suficient to melt rocks, generate volcanoes, heat water to form hot springs, and keep basements of buildings at a constant temperature. It is a perpetual, renewable, and inexhaustible energy resource. An estimated 0.7 GW of new geothermal power generating capacity came online, with Turkey, Indonesia and Kenya leading new installations. Direct use of geothermal energy for thermal applications grew most rapidly in space heating, with China, Turkey, Iceland and Japan representing 75% of direct geothermal use. As in previous years, the geothermal Industry was inhibited by challenges of high project costs and lack of adequate funding. Research into new and innovative technologies and processes helped fuel optimism for the future. This study shows that there is some good global technical geothermal potential for heating and electricity generation with less environmental pollution.
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