Renewable energy is capable of meeting our energy needs
Keywords:
Renewable energy, energy demand, sustainable development, Turkey
Abstract
Despite having public support and advantages over other energy sources, renewable technologies have been repeatedly characterized as unable to meet our energy needs. People have been presented only a choice between fossil fuels and nuclear power. This, however, is a false choice. Renewable energy can reliably generate as much energy as conventional fuels, and can do so without producing carbon emissions or radioactive waste. Demand for energy and natural resources has been increasing due to economic and population growth in Turkey. Over recent years, the country has experienced the fastest surge in energy demand and the projections of the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (MENR) confirm that this trend will continue for the medium and long term. Turkey has a substantial amount of renewable energy potential, and utilization of this potential has been on the rise over the last decade. As of the end of 2020, hydro, wind, solar and geothermal resources constitute the vast majority of the country’s renewable energy resources, accounting respectively for 30,491 MW, 8,315 MW, 368 MW and 1,564 MW of the total installed capacity of more than 94,746 MW. However; biomass and municipal waste energy resources are also expected to comprise a considerable portion with the rapid growth in utilization of these resources in the market. This study shows that renewable energy is capable of meeting our energy needs both globally and for Turkey.
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[2] REN21, Renewable Energy Network. Global renewable energy report for 2020. Available from www.ren21.net/ (accessed date 11.03.2021).
[3] Weiss, W., Spörk-Dür, M. Solar Heat Worldwide, Global Market Development and Trends in 2019. IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Program, 2020.
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[6] IEA, International Energy Agency. World energy outlook 2020. IEA, Paris 2020.
[7] IEA, International Energy Agency. Net zero by 2050: a roadmap for the global energy sector. IEA, Paris, 2020.
[8] Kalogirou, SA. Renewable energy systems: current status and prospects. in “Solar Energy Conversion in Communities”. Springer Nature, Switzerland, 2020.
[9] Bilgen, S, Keles, S, Kaygusuz A, Sarı A, Kaygusuz K. Global warming and renewable energy sources for sustainable development: a case study in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2008; 12: 372-396.
[10] Kaygusuz, K. Energy and environmental issues relating to greenhouse gas emissions for sustainable development in Turkey. Renew Sustain Energy Reviews 2009; 13: 253-270.
[11] International Energy Agency (IEA). Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Turkey 2021 Review, OECD/IEA, Paris, 2021.
[12] Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (MENR). Energy Statistics of Turkey in 2020. http://www.enerji.gov.tr (accessed date 06 March 2021).
[13] Kaygusuz, K. Clean energy policies for sustainable development in Turkey. Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2012; 1(2): 1-10.
[14] Kaygusuz, K., Toklu, E. The increase of exploitability of renewable energy sources in Turkey. Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2016; 5(1): 352-358.
[15] Yüksel, I., Kaygusuz, K. Renewable energy sources for clean and sustainable energy policies in Turkey. Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews 2011; 15: 4132-4144.
[16] Toklu, E., Kaygusuz, K. Present situation and future prospect of energy utilization in Turkey. Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2012; 1(2): 11-24.
[17] DSI, State Water Works. Hydropower potential in Turkey, Ankara, Turkey, 2019.
[18] Kaygusuz, K. Hydropower as clean and renewable energy source for electricity generation. Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2016; 5(1): 359-369.
[19] [19] TEIAS, Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation. Electricity production statistics in Turkey, TEIAS, Ankara,, www.teias.gov.tr (accessed date 04.02.2021).
[20] Kaygusuz, K., Kaygusuz, A. Energy and sustainable development in Turkey, Part I: Energy utilization and sustainability. Energy Sources 2002; 24: 483–498.
[21] GAP, Southeastern Anatolia Project. Energy production in GAP region, 2019. http://www.gap.gov.tr/.
[22] Bilgen, S., Keleş, S., Sarıkaya, I., Kaygusuz, K. A perspective for potential and technology of bioenergy in Turkey: present case and future view. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2015; 48: 228-239.
[23] TCMEEC, Turkish Chamber of Mechanical Engineers Energy Commission.Turkey Energy Outlook 2020. May 2020, Ankara, Turkey. https://enerji.mmo.org.tr/
[24] Bahadır, A., Keleş, S., Kaygusuz, K., Türker, MF., Yeğin, M. Bioenergy potential,utilization and policies in Turkey. J. of Eng Res App Sci 2013; 2(2): 167-183.
[25] Geothermal energy in Turkey, www.jeotermaldernegi.org.tr (access date 14 Jun 2019).
[26] Kaygusuz, K., Toklu, E. Energy issues and sustainable development in Turkey.Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2012; 1(1): 1-25.
[27] Kaygusuz, K., Güney, M.S., Kaygusuz, O. Renewable energy for rural development in Turkey. Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2018; 7(2): 886-895
[28] Kaygusuz, K. Prospect of concentrating solar power in Turkey: the sustainable future. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2011; 15: 808-814.
[29] Alboyaci B, Dursun B. Electricity restructuring in Turkey and the share of wind energy production. Renew Energy 2008; 33: 2499–505.
[30] Cicek BN, Ozturk M, Ozek N. Renewable energy market conditions and barriers in Turkey. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2009; 13: 1428–36.
[31] EMRA, 2020, Electricity Market Development Report, viewed 10 March 2021,https://www.epdk.org.tr/Detay/Icerik/1-1271/electricityreports.
[32] Melikoğlu, M. Geothermal energy in Turkey and around the World: A review of the literature and analysis based on Turkey’s Vision 2023 energy targets. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2017; 76: 485-492.
[33] Vardar A, Cetin B. Economic assessment of the possibility of using different types of wind turbine in Turkey. Energy Source Part B 2009; 4: 190–8.
[34] Ilkilic C, Nursoy M. The potential of wind energy as an alternative source in Turkey. Energy Source Part A 2010; 32: 450–9.
[35] Guler, O. Wind energy status in electrical energy production of Turkey. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2009; 13: 473–8.
[36] Kaygusuz, O. Renewable electricity for sustainable development in Turkey.Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2019; 8 (1): 1060-1067.
[37] ECRE, European Council on Renewable Energy. Renewable Energy Scenario to 2040. ECRE, May 2004.
[38] IEA, International Energy Agency. Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector. IEA, Paris, 2020
[39] International Energy Agency (IEA). Energy Policies of IEA Countries: China 2020 Review, OECD/IEA, Paris, 2020.
[40] IEA, International Energy Agency. Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Germany 2020 Review, OECD/IEA, Paris, 2020.
[41] World Bank. China - Accelerating Household Access to Clean Cooking and Heating.World Bank, Washington, 2014.
[42] Chen, Geoffrey Chun-fung. Governing Sustainable Energies in China. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. CrossRef. Web. 8 Apr. 2017.
[43] Delang, Claudio O. China’s Air Pollution Problems. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY: Routledge, 2016.
[44] Fischer, W. et al. German Energy Policy and the Way to Sustainability: Five Controversial Issues in the Debate on the Energiewende. Energy 2016; 115: 1580–1591.
[45] Bruce, G. Authoritarian Environmentalism and China’s Response to Climate Change.Environmental Politics 2012; 21: 287–307.
[46] Hager, Carol, and Christoph H. Stefes, eds. Germany’s Energy Transition. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016.
[47] IRENA, The International Renewable Energy Agency. Global renewable energy potential. IRENA, BAE, Mar. 2017.
[48] Joas, Fabian et al. Which Goals Are Driving the Energiewende? Making Sense of the German Energy Transformation.” Energy Policy 2016; 95: 42–51.
[49] Lorenzo, P., Gerlagh, R. Corruption, democracy, and environmental policy: an empirical contribution to the debate. The J. of Environment & Development 2006; 15: 332–354.
[50] Toshiyuki, S., Yuan, Y. “China’s regional sustainability and diversified resource allocation: environmental assessment on economic development and air pollution.Energy Economics 2015; 49: 239–256.
Published
2021-06-30
How to Cite
Coskun Avci, A., Kaygusuz, O., & Kaygusuz, K. (2021). Renewable energy is capable of meeting our energy needs. Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science, 10(1), 1741-1756. Retrieved from http://journaleras.com/index.php/jeras/article/view/238
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