Power Quality and Voltage Interruptions in Electric Power Utilisation, Model Cost and Technical Implication: The Case of SMEs in Wukari, Nigeria
Keywords:
Voltage, voltage fluctuation, power quality, SME, end-user
Abstract
Power quality issues are usually consumer-caused or end-user point-of-care issues that are manifested as current, voltage, or frequency abnormalities that result in consumer device failure or utility failure. This study was conducted to examine power quality and voltage interruptions, their costs and technical implications for SMEs whose most important resource for business operations is electricity. The research methodology employed for this study involved the collection, analysis and integration of quantitative data on power quality disturbances that sensitive SMEs that tolerate electric/electronic utilities can tolerate. The results obtained showed a high proportion of electricity deficits and voltage fluctuations deviating from the nominal 220-volt standard prescribed for household purposes in the country. The impact of the power problem on operational costs was represented in a modelled relationship constructed for induced cost and voltage disturbance variables. The multiple damaging effects of voltage disturbances on SMEs require urgent regulation on the part of the distribution network and the consumer side.
References
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World Bank (2011). An assessment of the investment climate in 26 states Nigeria - power sector guarantees project: project appraisal document. World Bank Nigeria 2011.
Adenikinju, A. F. (2005). Analysis of the cost of infrastructure failures in a developing economy: The case of the electricity sector in Nigeria. AERC Research Paper 148, African Economic Research Consortium, Nairobi. Available at https://www.africaportal.org/documents/5651/RP148.pdf
Agha, S. R., & Alnahhal, M. J. (2012). Neural network and multiple linear regression to predict school children dimensions for ergonomic school furniture design. Applied Ergonomics, 43(6), 979-984.
Anyanrouh, F., (2013.) The Challenges of the Nigerian electric power reform. Available at http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/02/the-challenges-of-thenigerianelectric-power-sector-reform-1/.
Beenstock, M., Goldin, E., & Haitovsky, Y. (1997). The cost of power outages in the business and public sectors in Israel: revealed preference vs. subjective valuation. The Energy Journal, 18(2). 39–61.
Bernstein, M., & Y. Heganazy, (1988). Economic costs of electricity shortages: Case study of Egypt. The Energy Journal, Special Electricity Reliability Issue, 9, 173–88.
Caves, D. W., Herriges, J. A., & Windle, R. J. (1992). The cost of electric power interruptions in the industrial sector: estimates derived from interruptible service programs. Land Economics, 68, 49-61.
Cissokho L and Seck A (2013). Electric Power Outages and the Productivity of Small and Medium Enterprises in Senegal. Investment Climate and Business Environment Research Fund (ICBE-RF) ICBE-RF Research Report N0. 77/13
Cissokho, L., & Seck, A. (2013). Electric power outages and the productivity of small and medium enterprises in Senegal. Investment Climate and Business Environment Research Fund Report, 77(13), 2013.
Fathi, H. M. E. (2012). Power quality assessment. Doctoral Thesis, Al-Azhar University University Cairo, Egypt. Available at https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/45/024/45024023.pdf
Hadow, M. M., Allah, A. N. A., & Karim, S. P. A. (2012). Reliability evaluation of distribution power systems based on artificial neural network techniques. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Available at https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2012/560541.pdf
Hopkinson, R. H. (1984), Better surge protection extends URD Cable Life,” IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-103, pp. 2827–2834.
Hopkinson, R. H. (1984). Better surge protection extends URD cable life. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 10, 2827-2836.
IEEE, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (1992). Standard 519-1992, Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems section, New York
Kennedy, B. W. (2000). “Power Quality Primer”, McGraw- Hill. Available at https://www.accessengineeringlibrary.com/binary/mheaeworks/96b20c2f0ab4ae3a/ae917b7ce74ba3d7b4c4dd52dcdfdec06f3510648a7108a51bda8a31600fec10/book-summary.pdf
Lee, K. S., & Anas, A. (1992). Impacts of infrastructure deficiencies on Nigerian manufacturing. In Infrastructure Department Discussion Paper No. INU 98. The World Bank Washington, DC.
Lineweber, D., & McNulty, S. (2001). The cost of power disturbances to industrial & digital economy companies. Prepared for the Electric Power Research Institute, 98. Available at www.onpower. com/pdf/EPRICostOfPowerProblems.pdf
Matsukawa, I., & Fujii, Y. (1994). Customer preferences for reliable power supply: using data on actual choices of back-up equipment. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 74, 434-446.
Montgomery, D. C., & Runger, G. C. (2010). Applied statistics and probability for engineers. John Wiley & Sons.
Norusis, M. J. (1990). SPSS-X advanced statistics guide. SPSS Incorporated.
Ogunyemi, J., Fakolujo, A. & Adejumobi, I.A. (2012). Power quality assessment in Nigerian distribution network. International Conference on Computing. Energy, Networking, Robotics and Telecommunications (eieCon2012), 103-131. Available at https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/12356812.pdf#page=110
Oluwole, A. S., Adefarati, T., Olususyi, K., & Babarinde, A. K. (2014). Power Supply Quality Improvement With An Extended Range Domestic Voltage Requlators. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 3(5), 309-315.
Ponnle, A. A. (2015). Performance of domestic AC voltage stabilizers in meeting low voltage problems in Nigeria: A case study of 12 different brands. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 5(6), 358-367.
Popoola, J. J., Ponnle, A. A., & Ale, T. O. (2011). Reliability worth assessment of electric power utility in Nigeria: Residential customer survey results. Assumption University Journal of Technology 14(3), 217-224.
Steel, W.F., & Webster, L.M. (1991). Small Enterprises under Adjustment in Ghana. World Bank Technical Paper No. 138. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.
Uchendu, O.A., (1993). The economic cost of electricity outages: Evidence from a sample study of industrial and commercial firms in the Lagos area of Nigeria. CBN Economic and Financial Review, 31.
World Bank (2011). An assessment of the investment climate in 26 states Nigeria - power sector guarantees project: project appraisal document. World Bank Nigeria 2011.
Published
2023-06-30
How to Cite
Kubuza, T., Azodo, A. P., & Omokaro, I. (2023). Power Quality and Voltage Interruptions in Electric Power Utilisation, Model Cost and Technical Implication: The Case of SMEs in Wukari, Nigeria. Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science, 12(1), 2246-2254. Retrieved from https://journaleras.com/index.php/jeras/article/view/314
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